What type of software is typically stored in the ROM?

Firmware is a type of software that is typically stored in ROM (Read-Only Memory). It is specifically designed to provide low-level control for a device’s specific hardware. Unlike other types of software, firmware is closely related to the hardware it operates and is often not meant to be modified or updated frequently.

Firmware operates as a bridge between the hardware and the operating system, allowing the hardware to perform its fundamental functions. For example, devices like routers, embedded systems, and even modern appliances often rely on firmware to ensure they operate correctly. This software controls tasks such as self-checks, communication protocols, and even the basic functionality of the device itself upon startup.

In contrast, operating systems, application software, and system utilities typically reside in other types of storage, such as RAM or on hard drives, where they can be modified or updated more frequently by the user or system processes.