What type of data management refers to how information is organized and retrieved?

Database Management refers to the systematic organization, storage, and retrieval of data within a database. It involves using software systems that help manage large amounts of data, ensuring that the data is accessible, secure, and efficiently organized. A database management system (DBMS) allows users to manage data efficiently, enabling them to store, modify, and extract information in structured formats. This form of data management is vital for maintaining the integrity and performance of databases, making it easier for users to query and report data as needed.

The other options do not focus specifically on data organization and retrieval in the same way. Data Visualization pertains to the graphical representation of data, which helps in understanding trends and patterns but does not directly address data organization. Data Mining involves analyzing data sets to discover patterns and relationships but is more about extracting insights rather than managing the databases themselves. Information Retrieval focuses on retrieving relevant information from large data sets but typically in the context of search engines and not the underlying management of the data itself, making it less applicable to the question of how data is organized.