What does booting a computer refer to?

Booting a computer is the process of starting up the system by loading the operating system into memory. When a computer is powered on, it goes through a series of steps known as the boot process, which typically includes running a self-test and loading the operating system from storage (such as a hard drive or SSD) into the computer's RAM. This allows the operating system to take control of the computer and manage hardware resources, enabling the user to run applications and perform tasks.

The other options represent different tasks that a user may perform on a computer, but they are not related to the initial startup process. Installing new software involves adding applications to the system after it has been booted. Configuring system settings refers to adjusting preferences within the already loaded operating system. Starting a virus scan is a security task that can be performed once the operating system and necessary applications are up and running. Thus, the act of booting specifically pertains to the initial loading of the OS into memory and is foundational to the operation of the computer.